Phytochemistry 19:22292230, Yordi EG, Matos M, Martnez AP, Tornes A, Santana L, Molina E, Uriarte E (2017) In silico genotoxicity of coumarins: application of the phenol-explorer food database to functional food science. In a previous study, using agar dilution technique, Silva et al [10] demonstrated that O. gratissimum exhibited antifungal activities against the dermatophytes: M. canis, M. gypseum, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. The present article reviews the antiulcerogenic and ulcer healing property of Ocimum sanctum, Allophylus serratus, Desmodium gagenticum, Azadirachta indica, Hemidesmus racemosus, Asparagus racemosus, and Musa sapientum. The experiment was performed in triplicates and the inhibition zone diameter was recorded as the average of the three replicates. UNANI MEDICINAL PLANT-A POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATE FOR COVID SYNDROME, Phytochemical Studies On The Methanolic Extract Of Calotropis Gigantea Leaves, Phenolic Contents, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Five Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family Obtained from Saudi Arabia Local Markets, Antioxidant And Hypolipidaemic Effects Of Phyllanthus Fraternus Methanolic Leaf Extract On Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats, A Review On Pharmacological Activities And Phytoconstituents of Vateria Indica Linn. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 4:556575, Joshi R (2013) Chemical composition, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, O. sanctum and their major constituents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 12:483508, Politeo O, Jukic M, Milos M (2007) Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of free volatile aglycones from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) compared with its essential oil. Mol Cell Endocrinol 301:229234, PubMed Nweze, E.I., Eze, E.E. Chem Biodivers 5:24572463, Filip S (2017) Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) a source of valuable phytonutrients. EEE did the antimicrobial assay and the initial phytochemical analysis and obtained the plant materials. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-9-37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-9-37. J Herb Spice Med Plants 19:401417, Sharma M, Agrawal SK, Sharma P, Chadha B, Khosla M, Saxena A (2010) Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of essential oil from Ocimum viride towards COLO 205 cells. Google Scholar, Carovi-Stanko K, Orli S, Politeo O, Striki F, Kolak I, Milos M, Satovic Z (2010) Composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils of seven Ocimum taxa. Timber Press, Portland, pp 484489, Simon JE, Morales MR, Phippen WB, Vieira RF, Hao Z (1999) Basil: a source of aroma compounds and a popular culinary and ornamental herb. For the control, 20 ml of molten agar was poured on a second Petri dish to produce an extract-free agar layer. Front Plant Sci 2(25):18, Saxena RC, Singh R, Kumar P, Negi MPS, Saxena VS, Geetharani P, Allan JJ, Venkateshwarlu K (2012) Efficacy of an extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (OciBest) in the management of general stress: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Google Scholar. J Torrey Bot Soc 144:7488, Onaolapo A, Onaolapo O (2012) Ocimum gratissimum Linn causes dose dependent hepatotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The methods described by Harborne [14] with minor modifications as described previously [2] were used to test for the presence of the active ingredients in the test sample. Ocimum gratissimum L. is a medicinal plant widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions with the leaf decoction usually taken in folk medicine to enhance erectile performance in men although the probable mechanism of actions remains undetermined. []It is believed to have originated in Central Africa and South East Asia. This study thus investigated the antibacterial and antifungal properties of O. gratissimum ethanolic leaf extract and its interaction with some disc antibiotics. The study also intended to verify if the concomitant administration of conventional antibiotics with Ocimium gratisimum which is normally taken as food (spice) will negatively affect its activity. Also, the possibility of alteration of the presence of other exogenous compound and the significance of this alteration in modifying drug interaction will only be determined by detailed pharmacokinetic studies that relate to the distribution of drugs metabolized by the microflora and their potentially active metabolites to the therapeutic response of the patient to the antibiotic. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ocimum gratissimum is grown for the essential oil that is extracted from its leaves and stems. 2005, 3 (1): 99-103. Material and methods 2.1. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Ocimum gratissimum belongs to the family Lamiaceae. The plant is an erect small plumb with many barnacles usually not more than 1 m high [5]. The plant is found throughout the tropics and subtropics and its greatest variability occurs in tropical Africa and India [7]. Resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and two control strains E. coli ATCC 11775 and C. albicans ATCC 90028 were used in this study. Phytochemistry 63:555567, Vinukonda VP, Palakeerti SK, Nalakurthi BC, Palleti JD (2012) In silico studies of Justicia adhatoda, Ocimum sanctum plant compounds as mycobacterium tuberculosis FTSZ inhibitors. The extract contained fats and oil in higher quantities (+++), followed next by reducing sugars and the terpenes (++). Antimicrobial activity were studied at two different concentrations of oil extract (100 L) and (200 L) against three bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureous and Bacillus cereus, and three fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisial. 2005, 48 (1): 72-86. Eur J Med Plants 4(5):590597, Sampath S, Mahapatra S, Padhi M, Sharma R, Talwar A (2015) Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) Med Vet Entomol 20:373376, Wang J, Fang X, Ge L, Cao F, Zhao L, Wang Z, Xiao W (2018) Antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of kaempferol and its corresponding glycosides and the enzymatic preparation of kaempferol. This systematic review presents the antiviral, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, insecticides and nematicidal activities of the plant for developing a standard therapeutic system. J Ethnopharmacol 80:1520, Mondal S, Mirdha BR, Mahapatra SC (2009) The science behind sacredness of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.). Google Scholar, Rahmana S, Muktaa Z, Hossainb M (2009) Isolation and characterization of -sitosterol-d-glycoside from petroleum extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. Asian J Food Agro-Ind 2:3943, Rajalakshmi S, Sivanandam G, Veluchamy G (1986) Role of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) J Agric Food Chem 50:58785883, Jembere B, Obeng-Ofori D, Hassanali A, Nyamasyo G (1995) Products derived from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Labiatae) as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of three major stored product insect pests. However from the phytochemical analysis of this plant extract, some of these secondary metabolites were absent (tannins, anthroquinone and flavonoid), some in low and moderate concentrations and a few in high concentration. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94:675678, Narwal S, Rana A, Tiwari V, Gangwani S, Sharma R (2011) Review on chemical constituents and pharmacological action of Ocimum kilimandscharicum. The plant is generally antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antiurolithiatic antioxidant antimutagenic, insecticidal and anti cancerous in nature. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, Da Silva RZ, Yunes RA, de Souza MM, Monache FD, Cechinel-Filho V (2010) Antinociceptive properties of conocarpan and orientin obtained from Piper solmsianum C. DC. CAS In Ayurvedic medicine this plant is being used either alone or in combination with different drugs in various clinical conditions like anxiety, bronchitis, fever, chronic cough, snake and scorpion bites. IntechOpen, pp 115, Satapathy S, Das N, Bandyopadhyay D, Mahapatra SC, Sahu DS, Meda M (2017) Effect of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) These CBD candies offer a simple and flexible . Diversity, phytochemical and medicinal potential of the genus Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In agar diffusion assays, the inhibitory zone diameter produced is the result of the growth of the test organisms and the diffusion of the test agents through the agar, both events occurring simultaneously [15] so it then means that any factor which affects the rate of microbial growth or rate of diffusion of the suspected antimicrobial agent under test, will invariably affect the result. Council of Scientific And Industrial Research, New Delhi, Chopra R, Chopra I, Handa K, Kapoor L (1958) Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae). MOYLAN EX J.R.I.WOOD, TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING & ANTHELMINTIC STUDY OF IT'S DIFFERENT EXTRACTS, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CORDIA MACLEODII HOOK, Morphological studies, traditional and industrial uses of Bixa Orellana. Alternative and Complementary Medicinal Uses a) Among the various species of Ocimum, O. gratissimum finds extensive use clinically throughout the world. In Vivo 32:10811088, Zheljazkov VD, Callahan A, Cantrell CL (2007a) Yield and oil composition of 38 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) accessions grown in Mississippi. Generally, it should be remembered that the study is in vitro, and the likelihood of possibility of change in activity of microflora of a patient cannot be ruled out as it functions in vivo. Queens of the Stone Age will bring Phantogram, Viagra Boys, the Armed, and Savages' Jehnny Beth on their fall North American tour. Biochem Pharmacol 82:11001109, Nakamura CV, Ueda-Nakamura T, Bando E, Melo AFN, Cortez DAG, Dias Filho BP (1999) Antibacterial activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. 1979, University of Ife Press, Ile-Ife, 20-22. Food Chem 115:650656, Lee TH, Hoover RL, Williams JD, Sperling RI, Ravalese J III, Spur BW, Robinson DR, Corey E, Lewis RA, Austen KF (1985) Effect of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on in vitro neutrophil and monocyte leukotriene generation and neutrophil function. Vetr Parasitol 109:5963, Phippen WB, Simon JE (1998) Anthocyanins in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Traditional uses. It is also suggested as antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral, anesthetic, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic agents. ASHS Press, Alexandria, pp 499505, Simonsen HT, Nordskjold JB, Smitt UW, Nyman U, Palpu P, Joshi P, Varughese G (2001) In vitro screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity. Ocimum gratissimum L. var.clocimum is a new hydrid strain of Ocimum gratissimum,developed by Sobti et al. Rad Res 154:455460, US MR, Zin T, Abdurazak M, Ado Ahmad B (2015) Chemistry and pharmacology of syringin, a novel bioglycoside: a review. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. J Appl Microbiol 115:346357, Al-Zahrani SH (2012) Antibacterial activities of gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The premium product BATCH gummies is full-spectrum, vegan-friendly, and made with solely natural components. Phytochem Rev 19, 907953 (2020). In traditional medicine, the leaves have been used as a general tonic and anti-diarrhea agent and for the treatment of conjunctivitis by instilling directly into the eyes; the leaf oil when mixed with alcohol is applied as a lotion for skin infections, and taken internally for bronchitis. 10.1590/S0074-02761999000500022. Plant Materials Fresh leaves of O. gratissimum were collected from the Federal Secretariat Farms, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Nutrients 10:1662, PubMed Central Eur J Med Chem 40:582589, Machado MIL, de Vasconcelos Silva MG, Matos FJA, Craveiro AA, Alencar JW (1999) Volatile constituents from leaves and inflorescence oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. f. (syn. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, phytochemical constituents, pharmacology, ethnobotany. CAS A solution of the crude extract was diluted in Mueller Hinton agar to concentrations of 25 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. The whole plant mainly the leaves or even seed have various ethnomedicinal properties. Parasitol Int 55:99105, Uma Devi P, Ganasoundari A, Vrinda B, Srinivasan K, Unnikrishnan M (2000) Radiation protection by the Ocimum flavonoids orientin and vicenin: mechanisms of action. Plates from the combination and the control were incubated at 37C for 18 - 24 hours. Helv Chim Acta 97:708711, Skaltsa H, Tzakou O, Singh M (1999) Note polyphenols of Ocimum sanctum from suriname. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes-Type-1 diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes-Type-2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes. Phytochemistry Reviews The main active compounds that have been identified and extracted are ursolic acid and eugenol (an essential oil). Indo Glob J Pharm Sci 1:287293, Naveen P, Lingaraju H, Anitha K (2017) Simultaneous determination of rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin flavonoids in Nelumbo nucifera by high-performance liquid chromatography method. A second Petri dish to produce an extract-free agar layer this study thus investigated the antibacterial antifungal. Obtained the plant for developing a standard therapeutic system is generally antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal antiurolithiatic. 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