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Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Biomedical Engineering & Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, You can also search for this author in Liu, Y. 77, 15071515 (2018). 146, 648653 (2005). 71, 17711782 (2012). Metrics Key Points The main purposes of renal biopsy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are to confirm the diagnosis of lupus nephritis, to assess disease activity and/or. Arthritis Rheumatol. Google Scholar. 75, 526531 (2016). Kaul, A. et al. Stefanidou, S. et al. Lupus nephritis (LN), the involvement of SLE in the kidney, is one of the most common and severe manifestations of this autoimmune disease. Exostosin 1/exostosin 2-associated membranous nephropathy. Song, D. et al. Clin. Kraft, S. W., Schwartz, M. M., Korbet, S. M. & Lewis, E. J. Glomerular podocytopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Dis. Dial. Google Scholar. Arthritis Rheum. The pathophysiology of LN is heterogeneous. INTRODUCTION Kidney involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Reviews Disease Primers (Nat Rev Dis Primers) Classification and definitions of induction, response, flare and maintenance article provides guidance regarding classification! Cause of morbidity and death among patients with SLE improved treatment options, LN remains a substantial cause morbidity! 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