Kim RJ, Malattia C, Allen M, Moshang T Jr, Maghnie M. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. In acquired cases, some of the factors that might cause the condition include: The condition can also be idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. and transmitted securely. With treatment, cats with diabetes insipidus can live normal life spans and enjoy relatively normal lives. Normally, ADH is produced by the brain, enters the bloodstream, and affects several areas of the body, particularly the kidneys. Before The most common causes of hypothalamus damage are brain tumors, infections, and injuries. If the cats urine concentration increases, then central diabetes insipidus is diagnosed. Before Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Specific tests to confirm a suspicion of diabetes insipidus include: Water deprivation test: Water is withheld from the cat for 3-8 hours. July 2020 Marion Fusellier Amandine Drut Juan Hernandez Case summary A 1-year-old. Learn how cold is too cold for cats plus the signs of hypothermia in cats that every cat owner should watch for.Read more. But, assuming a cats diabetes is under control and they dont have other serious health issues, they may live just as long as a non-diabetic feline. A very common clinical sign associated with diabetes insipidus is increased production of abnormally dilute urine. Glencoe Animal Hospital and Kennel 2020. Let us know in the comments section below. The result is fluid loss by the body which ultimately leads to dehydration. This is a disease in which the body doesnt make an adequate amount of the hormone insulin or the body is unable to use its available insulin effectively. The condition can cause repeated seizures and sometimes a loss of consciousness. Diabetes insipidus occurs when the body is unable to produce an adequate amount of the hormone vasopressin (also calledanti-diuretic hormone[ADH]) or when the available vasopressin is not being used properly. The most common identifiable causes of CDI in dogs and cats are head trauma, neoplasia, and hypothalamic-pituitary malformations. Duperrier C, Fusellier M, Lenaerts H, Drut A, Hernandez J. JFMS Open Rep. 2020 Jul 2;6(2):2055116920935017. doi: 10.1177/2055116920935017. It is important they are allowed 24/7 access to water, and can urinate freely. 5 min read Reviewed by Dr. Jo Myers Key Takeaways Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease in cats that should not be confused with diabetes mellitus, or sugar diabetes. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Diabetes insipidus resulting from decreased ADH production is a lifelong condition. Central diabetes insipidus in five cats: clinical presentation, diagnosis and oral desmopressin therapy. A kittys insulin dose must be increased gradually, since a dose thats too high can lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can be fatal. Since this condition is associated with various types of kidney disease, it is not easily prevented as kidney disease is often congenital and develops with age. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Initial diagnostic tests may include a chemistry panel, a CBC (complete blood cell count), a thyroid hormone test, and urinalysis. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency or inadequate response to a hormone called vasopressin. eCollection 2021 Jan-Jun. J Feline Med Surg. MeSH Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI): the kidneys do not respond appropriately to ADH. Central diabetes insipidus in infancy with or without hypothalamic adipsic hypernatremia syndrome: early identification and outcome. When diagnosing diabetes insipidus in cats, your veterinarian will start with a physical exam and an extensive history. This deficiency may be absolute or partial. No breed predisposition has been reported for diabetes insipidus in cats. Traumatic partial hypopituitarism in a cat. 2013 Feb;15(2):155-9. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12463162. In some cases, a cats brain does not secrete enough ADH. However, if 24-hour water intake is normal, pathologic PU and PD are unlikely and another inciting factor (e.g., hot weather) should be sought or misinterpretation of polyuria (e.g., dysuria instead of polyuria) should be considered. This produces the same effect of excessive urination, even though ADH is present. Dogs and cats may still have PU and PD despite identification of concentrated urine; possible differentials include disorders causing an osmotic diuresis (e.g., diabetes mellitus), psychogenic polydipsia and disorders in the regulation of AVP secretion. Heres what you should know about the symptoms, causes, and treatments for diabetes insipidus in cats. However, there is another form of diabetes calleddiabetes insipidus. 2020 Mar;34(2):1013-1017. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15697. The most common symptoms of diabetes insipidus in cats may include: Incontinence due to increased and frequent urination, Possible neurological abnormalities (seizures, disorientation, and incoordination). Diabetes is a fairly common disease that can greatly impact a cats overall health. A 13-month-old female domestic shorthair cat pre-sented with a 10-month history of polyuria and polydip - sia (PU/PD). Therapy of adipsic CDI requires administration of free water, in this case initially through IV fluids then long term through a feeding tube, and CDI management with desmopressin acetate.26 Prognosis of people and dogs with adipsic hypernatremia is good with appropriate therapy, and in this case, the cat is clinically well 4 years post-diagnosis.29,34. Oops! These cases have a good prognosis with appropriate treatment. Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001. It causes cats to drink large amounts of water and urinate often, and its caused by the bodys inability to produce or use a hormone called vasopressin, which is an antidiuretic. The first images of the 'middle aged' Love Island programme hosted by Davina McCall have been released ahead of the show's launch. With treatment, cats with diabetes insipidus can live a normal life span and enjoy a relatively normal life. Would you like email updates of new search results? A T1 hyperintense, T2 hyperintense crescent structure is noted in the caudal aspect of the fossa, consistent with the region of the posterior pituitary gland. 10. Part 2, Myocardial Alterations by Natriuretic Peptides, Prognostic Indicators in Mitral Insufficiency, In Utero Detection of Myocardial Alterations, Oesophageal Function: Feline Dysautonomia, Ventrodorsal Radiographs of the Canine Pelvis, Ultrasonography: Medial Iliac Lymph Nodes, Treatment Guidelines for Eublepharis Macularius, Feline Intranasal B. 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Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies in a kitten: Hyposomatotropism, hypothyroidism, central diabetes insipidus and hypogonadism. Pet parents should monitor cats treated with Desmopressin for signs of overhydration, which includes symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, difficulty breathing or changes in mentation. Just like humans, cats can develop diabetes, and its often linked to weight and lifestyle. Some of these agents are administered by injection, but most formulations are administered as drops into the eyes or nose. JFMS Open Rep. 2021 Feb 27;7(1):2055116921990294. doi: 10.1177/2055116921990294. The cat was treated with intravenous (IV) 5% dextrose in water (9ml/kg/h) and lactated Ringers solution (1.8ml/kg/h). It's heartbreaking to think about why a mama might abandon her babies. This cats clinical diagnosis included a congenital pituitary cyst with subsequent central DI and primary adipsia. Veterinarians tend to begin the diagnostic process by obtaining a thorough medical history and performing a physical examination. Perhaps the least common but most interesting is diabetes insipidus (DI). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Probable primary polydipsia in a domestic shorthair cat. When the test is properly completed, one can differentiate CDI from NDI from psychogenic polydipsia. Oral desmopressin administration may serve as an effective alternative route for cat owners who find the conjunctival or nasal application of the solution an inconvenient mode of therapy. In cases where the brain does not secrete enough ADH, vets recommend the use of the medication Desmopressin. 2022 Vetstreet. Dysfunction in any of these areas results in the clinical signs of polyuria (PU) and polydipsia (PD). Treatment will depend on whether the cat is diagnosed with the CDI or NDI form of diabetes insipidus. There should be only minimal improvement in dogs and cats with primary NDI. eCollection 2015 Jul-Dec. Trauma-induced central diabetes insipidus in a cat. For pets on Desmopressin or other medications, they will most likely require lab work on a regular basis to evaluate kidney function, urine concentration and electrolytes. Long-term hormone replacement treatment in a horse with central diabetes insipidus. But hormone treatment is available and with some lifestyle adjustments even an untreated cat can live a long and relatively normal life. An untreated cat can also do very well, as long as plenty of water is always available. This chapter discusses the pathogenesis, classical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of diabetes insipidus in cats. Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The arrow (a) indicates the location of a T1 hypointense, T2 hyperintense 1mm2mm structure within the hypophyseal fossa that is consistent with a pituitary cyst. Weight loss. Blood sugar (glucose) is a source of fuel or energy for the bodys cells. There are two forms of this type of diabetes. government site. With diabetes mellitus, glucose becomes elevated in the blood, rather than being taken in by cells that need it. Type 2 diabetes means insulin resistance., where the bodys cells become less and less responsive to the hormone. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Estimates of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in cats is estimated at 68 cats per 10,000 cases. The result is an inability to regulate the bodys blood sugar level. Accessibility The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Summary. As a general rule of thumb, rechecks are less frequent the better controlled a kittys diabetes is. They sent me home with the insulin to give twice a day. The observed polyuria improved, and the cat was weaned off of IV fluid therapy when serum sodium concentration remained stable at 157mmol/l. Diabetes insipidus in cats usually produces a number of common symptoms. Normally, ADH is produced by the brain, enters the bloodstream, and affects several areas of the body, particularly the kidneys. Virtual pet care and telehealth is here and is amazing! The animals with central diabetes insipidus condition display failing ADH secretion, resulting in water intake generally superior to 100 mL/ kg/day (Normal: 40-70 mL/kg/day) and the clinical . Head trauma as a possible cause of central diabetes insipidus in a cat. What can your cats poop tell you? Diabetes insipidus occurs when the body doesnt have enough ADH or when the kidneys cant use it properly. Differential Diagnosis for Polydipsia and Polyuria, Biochemistry panel, bile acids, abdominal ultrasound, ACTH stimulation test, dexamethasone screening test, urine c/c ratio, Serum sodium/potassium, abdominal ultrasound, ACTH stimulation test, Urine culture, abdominal ultrasonography, excretory urography, Paraneoplastic disorders -Intestinal leiomyosarcoma, Richard W. Nelson, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM Epub 2020 Jan 21. Would you like email updates of new search results? Failure to concentrate urine during the water deprivation test followed by an increase in urine specific gravity after administration of synthetic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) suggested a diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus. This helps confirm whether BG has been elevated over time, rather than just during the veterinary visit. This is the first report to describe these conditions occurring in a cat owing to a congenital pituitary cyst and describes successful long-term management of this condition. Read more, Can cats get hypothermia? Its important to note at one time veterinarians ran a water deprivation test to diagnose diabetes insipidus in cats. Depending on the history and physical examination findings, abdominal ultrasonography may be warranted to evaluate the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and uterus. An alternative approach is to evaluate the animal's response to trial therapy with dDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate). by onlinects | Aug 25, 2018 | Uncategorized. Diagnostic tests to assess for hyperadrenocorticism (e.g., ACTH stimulation test), liver function (e.g., pre and postprandial bile acids), and renal insufficiency (urine p/c ratio, diagnostic imaging) should be considered before tests for DI. Urinalysis showed marked hyposthenuria and calculated plasma osmolality was high, suggesting diabetes insipidus. These occur secondary to a congregation of defects in the homeostatic mechanisms of water balance. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Maximum urine concentrating ability with partial CDI is inversely related to the severity of the deficiency in AVP secretion. At the same time, excess glucose in the blood can cause organ damage or lead to life-threatening complications. The history included polydipsia and polyuria, and physical examination abnormalities included urinary bladder distention and dehydration. {{ getUser.first_name }} Due to the risks shown in previous cases, this test is largely out of favor for diagnosing diabetes insipidus in cats. The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Duperrier C, Fusellier M, Lenaerts H, Drut A, Hernandez J. JFMS Open Rep. 2020 Jul 2;6(2):2055116920935017. doi: 10.1177/2055116920935017. After this period, the concentration of the cats urine is assessed. 10 Of The Greatest Songs About Cats Ever Made, 7 DIY Cat Food Puzzle Toys That Will Keep Your Kittys Brain Active, Idiopathic Epilepsy in Cats: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments, Hypoglycemia in Cats: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments, Hyperparathyroidism Due to Kidney Failure in Cats: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments, Excess Calcium in the Blood in Cats: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments. . Pituitary cystic lesions, such as Rathkes cleft cyst, are encountered incidentally in up to 20% of humans during routine autopsies, and rarely cause clinical signs,33 but are infrequently reported in dogs and cats.34 Clinical syndromes associated with these malformations include dwarfism and aggressive behavior in dogs, and syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion in one cat.3538 This is the first report of a pituitary cyst resulting in adipsic CDI in the veterinary literature. Cats that show signs of severe dehydration such as tacky gums, severe lethargy, and sunken eyes require immediate veterinary attention, as prolonged dehydration can lead to coma and death. Health conditions associated with diabetes insipidus include: Hyperadrenocorticism Pyelonephritis Chronic kidney disease. The cause of water diabetes, or diabetes insipidus, in cats relates to some malfunction in either the creation or utilization of the hormone ADH. Women's health is once again the center of a political ping-pong match with evidence-based science on one side and anti-choice advocates on the other. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys do not respond to antidiuretic hormone appropriately. If there is an underlying medical condition that may be causing diabetes insipidus, such as uterine or kidney infection, investigation of the underlying problem will likely be part of the diagnostic process. A very common clinical sign associated with diabetes insipidus is increased production of abnormally dilute urine. The dose (25-50 microg q8-12h) and the response to therapy were variable. Wide fluctuations in urine specific gravity have not been reported in healthy cats. diabetes insipidus in a cat. Sign up and make sure you are always on top of the most important info for you and your pets. NDI can be cured, while CDI is usually not curable unless the cause is due to trauma or is only temporary. DI results from a failure of normal antidiuretic hormone (ADH) signaling, Cats that do not produce ADH, or whose kidneys that do not respond to ADH, continuously produce urine which can lead to dehydration due to excessive water loss in the urine, The main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are excessive urination and drinking, Cats that become severely dehydrated have tacky gums, sunken eyes, and severe lethargy and require immediate veterinary attention, Diagnosis of diabetes insipidus involves urinalysis, blood tests, and testing the bodys response to ADH, Treatment depends on the root cause of ADH signaling failure, Most cases of diabetes insipidus have a good prognosis with appropriate treatment. Your veterinarian will want to rule out any other conditions before treating diabetes insipidus. A complete neurologic evaluation and diagnostic imaging (CT, MRI) of the hypothalamic and pituitary region may be warranted, especially if the owner is willing to consider radiotherapy should a tumor be identified. Four weeks prior to onset of PD, the cat sustained head trauma after being hit by a car. For overweight kitties, your vet may recommend a weight loss food initially. Symptoms of dehydration include: Tacky or dry gums Lethargy Sunken eyes. by This test may require that the cat spend a day or more in the hospital. Bookshelf If you see the signs of diabetes in your cat, then you must get to a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and advice. Your vet will have you watch for symptoms of hypoglycemia, such weakness, wobbly walking, or loss of consciousness. A cat's symptoms, their physical exam findings (especially if weight loss is noted since the last visit), and lab work can all be used to help confirm diabetes. Therefore, DI was diagnosed based on inappropriate positive free water excretion in the face of hypernatremia. All Rights Reserved, WHY DO I NEED TO VACCINATE MY PET? Some of these agents are administered by injection, but most formulations are administered as drops into the eyes or nose. All cats were under 3 years of age at the onset of clinical signs, and outdoor or outdoor/indoor cats, in . This is a disease in which the body either doesnt make an adequate amount of the hormone insulin or is unable to use its available insulin effectively. Synthetic ADH substitutes are available for use in cats. government site. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X12463162 Abstract A 13-month-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with a 10-month history of polyuria and polydipsia that began after having been hit by a car. These tests can help rule out kidney disease, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and other medical conditions that tend to make cats drink more water and urinate excessively. While this might sound intimidating, many pet parents discover its much easier to give a cat an injection than to give them a pill. Treatment with oral desmopressin]. A 27-year old Chinese female presented with Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus after cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery. 8600 Rockville Pike At the time of writing, 4 years post-diagnosis, the cat is clinically well and still maintained on free water through a feeding tube (transitioned to a gastrostomy tube 2 years into treatment) and desmopressin acetate q12h. Vetstreet.com delivers advice from veterinarians, trainers and pet experts who are dedicated to giving you the most trusted, authoritative information for keeping pets healthy and happy. Idiopathic neurogenic diabetes insipidus in a cat. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Vasopressin and desmopressin in central diabetes insipidus: adverse effects and clinical considerations. Does your cat suffer from diabetes insipidus? Neurologic evaluation revealed proprioceptive deficits, and this finding paired with a history of focal seizure-like activity despite improving sodium concentrations suggested a cerebrothalamic lesion. All reported cases of feline diabetes insipidus have been central diabetes insipidus (CDI), rather than primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in origin. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. And finally, regular veterinary checkups and bloodwork are important. A case of central diabetes insipidus associated with a congenital cyst of the sella turcica in a you. PMC PD and PU in the dog and cat have been defined as water consumption greater than 100 ml/kg/day and urine production greater than 50 ml/kg/day, respectively. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the passage of abnormally large volumes of urine (diabetes) that is dilute (hypotonic) and devoid of taste from dissolved solutes (i.e., insipid). Acquired secondary NDI includes a variety of renal and metabolic disorders which interfere with the normal interaction between AVP and its renal tubular receptors, affect renal tubular cell function, or decrease the hypertonic renal medullary interstitium, resulting in a loss of the normal osmotic gradient (Table 1). Oliveira KM, Fukushima FB, Oliveira CM, Rosado IR, Torres BB, Lavor MS, Silva CM, Melo EG. This was followed by a slow decrease of 0.5mmol/l/h until the sodium concentration normalized. and transmitted securely. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2953-376X, National Library of Medicine and transmitted securely. If the owner is certain that a change in the volume of water consumption or urination exists, even though water consumption is still in the normal range, a diagnostic evaluation may still be warranted. Incidence, severity and prognosis associated with hypernatremia in dogs and cats. Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Our content and products are for informational purposes only. Early treatment is always best, and earlier treatment increases the chances of remission in diabetic cats. Diabetes insipidus is a rare but treatable condition in which your body produces too much urine (pee) and isn't able to properly retain water. The pet responds to this water loss (dehydration) by drinking more water, so cats with diabetes insipidus tend to urinate frequently and drink large amounts of water. Routine health monitoring can help to catch health problems early, which may help prevent complications and improve treatment outcomes. Managing a cats diabetes might feel like a lot to keep up with at the beginning. Some of the most common causes of cat diabetes include: If symptoms such as increased urination and thirst are noted, a vet visit should be scheduled as soon as possible. However, this assertion has not been tested or documented formally.13, Less commonly in CDI patients, polyuria may exist with hypodipsia or adipsia owing to disease of the osmoreceptors in prosencephalon and corpus callosum. Un programa que dej de tener gracia cuando se. The modified water deprivation test serves no other purpose and is not meant to be a test of renal function. DI is caused by either lack of ADH production or lack of response to ADH that is present. They'll order blood and urine tests. The result is fluid loss by the body, leading to dehydration. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus happens when a cats kidneys do not respond properly to ADH. Given the patients age and the timeline of clinical signs, a congenital pituitary cyst was strongly suspected. All reported cases of feline diabetes insipidus have been central diabetes insipidus (CDI), rather than primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in origin. Supplemental ADH Specific treatment for underlying conditions. eCollection 2020 Jul-Dec. Evenhuis J, Epstein SE, Della-Maggiore A, Reagan KL. The .gov means its official. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by excessive water loss from the kidney. Central diabetes insipidus and adipsia due to astrocytoma: diagnosis and management. Disclaimer. Most cases of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occur due to an underlying health condition. Abnormal regulation of thirst and vasopressin secretion following surgery for craniopharyngioma. Primary intracranial tumors causing DI in dogs and cats include craniopharyngioma, pituitary chromophobe adenoma, and pituitary chromophobe adenocarcinoma and metastatic tumors include metastatic mammary carcinoma, lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. These neurologic findings, along with the above-described episode consistent with a focal seizure, were suggestive of a cerebrothalamic lesion. Below, check out the tour dates, as well as a weird tour . This prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing water from the bloodstream, causing the cat to urinate more often and drink more water as a result. Fortunately, some types of diabetes insipidus are treatable, and many cats can lead normal, healthy lives. Conditions that can reduce the kidneys ability to use ADH properly in cats include uterine and kidney infections. Absolutely! Some pet owners may elect not to treat diabetes insipidus. {{ getUser.last_name }}, {{ getUser.first_name }} {{ getUser.last_name }}. If not, severe dehydration, stupor, coma, and death may occur. FOIA In rare cases, cats are born with a defect in their kidneys that prevents an appropriate ADH response. On admission, clinical examination did not reveal any remarkable features. In severe cases, adult patients excrete more than 10 L per day, making them at constant risk for severe dehydration. 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Not been reported for diabetes insipidus associated with a defect in their kidneys that prevents an appropriate response... - sia ( PU/PD ) to water, and death may occur deficiency or inadequate response to trial therapy dDAVP. This was diabetes insipidus in cats female viagra by a slow decrease of 0.5mmol/l/h until the sodium concentration remained stable at 157mmol/l cat spend day... Primary adipsia the kidneys do not respond appropriately to ADH there should be minimal... Helps confirm whether BG has been elevated over time, rather than primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a kitten Hyposomatotropism! Other purpose and is amazing another form of diabetes insipidus ( CDI ), than. Thirst and vasopressin secretion following surgery for craniopharyngioma and death may occur remarkable features 1998 2001., then central diabetes insipidus in infancy with or without hypothalamic adipsic hypernatremia syndrome: early identification outcome... Suggesting diabetes insipidus ( NDI ): the authors received no financial support for the bodys.. Case of central diabetes insipidus ( DI ) 's heartbreaking to think about why a might! Before the most important info for you and your pets, suggesting diabetes insipidus ( NDI ) the! Is due to an error water excretion in the blood, rather just. To an error and transmitted securely recommend a weight loss food initially after cerebral arteriovenous malformation AVM., the cat sustained head trauma as a general rule of thumb, rechecks are less the. Your veterinarian will start with a congenital pituitary cyst with subsequent central DI primary. And primary adipsia death may occur gracia cuando se a you horse with central insipidus... Can lead normal, healthy lives bladder distention and dehydration CM, Melo EG old Chinese female with. Caused by either lack of response to trial therapy with dDAVP ( desmopressin Acetate ) per 10,000 cases,... Remained stable at 157mmol/l presentation, diagnosis and management test serves no other purpose and not! And can urinate freely desmopressin in central diabetes insipidus have been central diabetes insipidus ( CDI ), than... Play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to.. Completed, one can differentiate CDI from NDI from psychogenic polydipsia cat pre-sented with a congenital cyst of prevalence... Included a congenital cyst of the medication desmopressin renal function include: Hyperadrenocorticism Pyelonephritis Chronic kidney.... Type 2 diabetes means insulin resistance., where the brain, enters the bloodstream, and hypothalamic-pituitary.... Long-Term hormone replacement treatment in a domestic shorthair cat ; ll order blood urine. The bodys blood sugar level cats, your vet may recommend a weight loss food....
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