Commiphorawightii, guggulu, has emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, obesity, microbial infection, wound, pain, fractures, tumor, and gastrointestinal diseases. A., Jackson D. A. The formulated drug comprised of 8 parts of resin and 3.5 parts of volatile oils, all extracted from myrrh. Ojha S., Bhatia J., Arora S., Golechha M., Kumari S., Arya D. S. (2011). ACF, Aberrant crypt foci; AChE, Acetylcholinesterase; AOM, azoxymethane; BCRP, Breast cancer resistance protein; BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; c, Commiphora; cIAP, The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; CREB-BDNF, cAMP-response element binding protein-BDNF d, Boswellia; FXR, Farnesoid X receptor; GSH, Glutathione; HIF-1a, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1; ICAM, Intracellular adhesion molecules; IFN, Interferon; IB, Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor IL, Interleukin; IL-1, Interleukin 1 beta; iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase; LDL, Low density lipoprotein; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MDR, Multidrug resistance; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases; MyD88, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NF-B, Nuclear factor kappa B; NHE-1, Na+/H+exchanger-1; NO, Nitric oxide; Nrf-2, The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2; p-JNK, Phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinases; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; PARP, Poly ADP ribose polymerase; PCNA, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; pSTAT6, phosphorylated Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; STAT, Signal transducer and activator of transcription; TLR, Toll-like receptor; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; XO, Xanthine oxidase. Chilelli N. C., Ragazzi E., Valentini R., Cosma C., Ferraresso S., Lapolla A., Sartore G. (2016). Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effect of guggul from Commiphora and Boswellia on various chronic disorders. In 2004, Shishodia and group reported that GS suppressed the activation of NF-B and IB- kinase and exhibited antiproliferative activity by inhibiting c-Myc and cyclin D1. Anti-inflammatory effects of guggulsterone on murine macrophage by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in NF-B signaling pathway. Arora R. B., Taneja V., Sharma R. C., Gupta S. K. (1972). 10. Yang M. H., Lee K. T., Yang S., Lee J. K., Lee K. H., Moon I. H., et al.. (2012). The premium product BATCH gummies is full-spectrum, vegan-friendly, and made with solely natural components. The guggul tree which belongs to the family Burseraceae, is mainly found in the dry regions of the Indian subcontinent mainly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Boswellic acid suppresses growth and metastasis of human pancreatic tumors in an orthotopic nude mouse model through modulation of multiple targets. Notably, guggul presents a potent remedy for cardiovascular diseases. GS induced apoptosis in cancer cells via inhibition of NF-B, activation of JNK and downregulation of Akt and anti-apoptotic proteins (Shishodia and Aggarwal, 2004; Shishodia et al., 2007). produces a fragrant resin called gugal, guggul or gugul, that is used in incense and vedic medicine (or ayurveda). Tripathi S. N., Gupta M., Sen S. P., Udupa K. N. (1975). Prevention of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats by plant sterol guggulsterone. Morad S. A., Schmid M., Buchele B., Siehl H. U., El Gafaary M., Lunov O., et al.. (2013). (2014b). Singh B. A pilot study to examine the effects of an anti-inflammatory supplement on eicosanoid derivatives in patients with chronic kidney disease. Bchele B., Zugmaier W., Estrada A., Genze F., Syrovets T., Paetz C., et al.. (2006). Gupta I., Gupta V., Parihar A., Gupta S., Ldtke R., Safayhi H., et al. Phenolics are common natural products found in plants and possess substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. B. Entry of CHIKV Env pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, BDNF signaling; Hippocampal neurogenesis, Increased pain threshold & tolerance force, well -tolerated, Well-tolerated, caused dermatologic hypersensitivity, 2 capsules, every 8 h; 3 m-15 d wash-out-3 m. Enhanced pro-apoptotic and anti-adipogenic effects of genistein plus guggulsterone in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of Boswellia-based cream for prevention of adjuvant radiotherapy skin damage in mammary carcinoma: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids. Furthermore, administration of GS resulted in mitigation of histological damage, suppressed serum lipase levels, inhibition of infiltrations of neutrophils, and macrophages and decreased cytokine production in pancreatitis (Kim et al., 2015). (2001). Bhandari a shrub from the Burseraceae family, is a highly valuable medicinal plant from Indian traditional systems of medicine and also has a nice status in the modern drug system. Wang W. C., Uen Y. H., Chang M. L., Cheah K. P., Li J. S., Yu W. Y., et al.. (2012). Boswellic acid acetate induces differentiation and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Mencarelli A., Renga B., Palladino G., Distrutti E., Fiorucci S. (2009). A., Massoud A., Salama O., Badra G. A., El-Shennawy H., et al.. (2001). Singh S. K., Bhusari S., Singh R., Saxena A., Mondhe D., Qazi G. N. (2007). (2013). Guggulsterone enhances head and neck cancer therapies via inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. CH, BS, and NR contributed to the making of the tables and artwork. B. Use of Pushkar- Guggul, an indigenous antiischemic combination, in the management of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel, safe, and multi-targeted agents for the prevention and treatment of these diseases (Bordoloi et al., 2016; Kunnumakkara et al., 2018). (2011b). In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the biological activities of guggul against diverse chronic diseases. Gingivitis, the inflammation of gingiva is a very common form of gum disease. Other oleo gum resin compounds which display biological activities are: betulinic acid, lupenoic acid, epi-lupeol, isoincensole, isoincensole acetate and 1-ursene-2-diketone-incensole acetate along with few other terpenes that can be found in volatile oil (Du et al., 2015; Ammon, 2016; Roy et al., 2016). Guggulsterone inhibits tumor cell proliferation, induces S-phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suppression of Akt pathway, and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products. Yamada T., Osawa S., Ikuma M., Kajimura M., Sugimoto M., Furuta T., et al.. (2014). Inflamm. Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Riva A., Morazzoni P., Artariam C., Allegrinim P., Meinsm J., Savio Appendino G., et al.. (2016). Batch CBD Full-Spectrum Gummies. Kirste S., Treier M., Wehrle S. J., Becker G., Abdel-Tawab M., Gerbeth K., et al.. (2011). It is the same product that was known in Hebrew, ancient Greek and Latin sources as bdellium. (Shishodia et al., 2008; Harsha et al., 2017). It is also an inhibitor of topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells (Hoernlein et al., 1999; Syrovets et al., 2000; Zhao et al., 2003). Guggul Paste for External Use: Guggul paste can be applied to the outside of the body to support healthy skin, joint mobility, the reduction of oedema, and tissue detoxification. Huang C., Wang J., Lu X., Hu W., Wu F., Jiang B., et al.. (2016). Koo J. H., Rhee K. S., Koh H. W., Jang H. Y., Park B. H., Park J. W. (2012). Guggulsterone induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, Guggulsterone inhibits NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha kinase activation, suppresses expression of anti-apoptotic gene products, and enhances apoptosis. Hepatoprotective triterpenes from the gum resin of. Togni S., Maramaldi G., Di Pierro F., Biondi M. (2014). Chemical constituents of Commiphora (guggul) and Boswellia (Salai guggul) (A) A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Boswellia (Pankaj Oudhia/www.discoverlife.org) and Salai guggul. This was controlled by activated mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MKK4) mediated upregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and suppression of Akt. The species is native to southern Pakistan and western India. The combination also resulted in reduced fibroadenoma volume in 38.8% of the patients in the experimental group, whereas the same was observed only in 17.85% patients in the placebo group (Pasta et al., 2016). Novel guggulsterone derivative GG-52 inhibits NF-kappaB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and attenuates acute murine colitis. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (2014). Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Roy N. K., Deka A., Bordoloi D., Mishra S., Kumar A. P., Sethi G., et al.. (2016). (1998). Xu Y., Watanabe T., Tanigawa T., Machida H., Okazaki H., Yamagami H., et al.. (2010). It has a special affinity for all the tissues of the body. Kunnumakkara A. [6] It is also sold in the form of incense sticks and dhoop cones which can be burned directly. Kang S. J., Kim J. M., Koh S. J., Kim S. H., Im J. P., Jung H. C., et al.. (2013). National Library of Medicine Huang M. T., Badmaev V., Ding Y., Liu Y., Xie J. G., Ho C. T. (2000). Tripathi Y. Ayurvedic medicine offers a good alternative to glucosamine and celecoxib in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled equivalence drug trial. Different clinical studies with guggul have shown its efficacy against IBDs which include colitis and Crohn's disease. June 21, 2022 There is no denying that most people crave a slim and well-toned physique. A novel semisynthetic inhibitor of the FRB domain of mammalian target of rapamycin blocks proliferation and triggers apoptosis in chemoresistant prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, in case of glioma, cyano enone of methyl boswellates (CEMB), and 3--propionyloxy--boswellic acid (POBA) significantly inhibited the tumor growth in murine models (Ravanan et al., 2011; Qurishi et al., 2013). B., Mishra L. C., Vinjamury S. P., Aquilina N., Singh V. J., Shepard N. (2003). (A) Commiphora (Mark W. Skinner/www.discoverlife.org) and Gum guggul (http://www.varionlife.com). (2012). Commiphora stocksiana is a medicinal plant of arid and semi-arid parts of India and Pakistan. Bortezomib up-regulates activated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and synergizes with inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 to promote head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell death. Cuaz-Prolin C., Billiet L., Baug E., Copin C., Scott-Algara D., Genze F., et al. Park B., Prasad S., Yadav V., Sung B., Aggarwal B. In addition, Commiphora and Boswellia showed potent cardioprotective as well as thyroid-stimulatory effects (Singh et al., 1982; Deng, 2007). Francis J. Functional study on Boswellia phytosome as complementary intervention in asthmatic patients. Abo-Madyan A. (2005). CVDs, a group of diseases which involves the heart and the blood vessels is one of the most common causes of death across the globe. The gum can be purchased in a loosely packed form called dhoop, an incense from India, which is burned over hot coals. Shishodia S., Azu N., Rosenzweig J. This heterodimer binds to the hormone response elements on DNA and regulates various genes. B., Bordoloi D., Harsha C., Banik K., Gupta S. C., Aggarwal B. Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing. A., Khan M. S. (2013), Dietary phytochemicals as potent chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer: inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway via molecular interactions in rel homology domain of its precursor protein p105. Even when drugs did improve survival rate compared to available treatment strategies, most of these were found to be clinically insignificant. Guggulsterone inhibits melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells by downregulating tyrosinase expression. Commiphora wightii has been a key component in ancient Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. Another study was conducted by Kimmatkar et al., to check the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of B. serrata extract in 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Chopra A., Saluja M., Tillu G., Sarmukkaddam S., Venugopalan A., Narsimulu G., et al.. (2013). Guggul (Commiphora wightii) - Properties, Benefits & Dosage Description of Plant. Boswellic acid acetate induces differentiation and apoptosis in highly metastatic melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells. Macha M. A., Matta A., Chauhan S. S., Siu K. W., Ralhan R. (2011a). Besides, it also exerts hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardioprotective, hypolipidemia, and thyroid stimulatory effect by targeting multiple signaling pathways (Table (Table1;1; Figure Figure44). An M. J., Cheon J. H., Kim S. W., Kim E. S., Kim T. I., Kim W. H. (2009). BHUx: a patented polyherbal formulation to prevent hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. One such medicine of enormous use in Ayurveda is Guggul. Guggul is the gum resin obtained from two different plants Commiphora and Boswellia, produced by drying the white sap of 1520 years old tree for a year (Figure (Figure1;1; Hanus et al., 2005). This FXR, also known as NR1H4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4), is a bile acid receptor (BAR). Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) is a common medicinal preparation widely used in Ayurveda since time immemorial. Edited by: Atanas G. Atanasov, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding (PAS), Poland, Reviewed by: Gokhan Zengin, Seluk University, Turkey; Ajay Bommareddy, Wilkes University, United States, *Correspondence: Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, This article was submitted to Ethnopharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology. Smoothie. Acetyl-boswellic acids are novel catalytic inhibitors of human topoisomerases I and II alpha. Moreover, this regimen was found to be safe, well tolerated which also enhanced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in CKD patients (Moreillon et al., 2013). Bile acids induce cdx2 expression through the farnesoid x receptor in gastric epithelial cells. The anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic effects of the boswellic acid analog BA145 are potentiated by autophagy inhibitors. Preliminary research suggests it may help treat certain anti-inflammatory conditions, such as acne, eczema, psoriasis,. Xu H. B., Shen Z. L., Fu J., Xu L. Z. SG and GP performed proofreading of the manuscript. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Guggulu is an oleo-gum resin which exudes out as a result of injury from the bark of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari [syn. Rizzo G., Disante M., Mencarelli A., Renga B., Gioiello A., Pellicciari R., et al.. (2006). Bchele B., Zugmaier W., Simmet T. (2003). Sharma M. L., Bani S., Singh G. B. 14-3-3 zeta is a molecular target in guggulsterone induced apoptosis in head and neck cancer cells. The tour begins on Aug. 3 in Sterling . Guggulsterone enhances antitumor activity of gemcitabine in gallbladder cancer cells through suppression of NF-B, Guggulsterone suppresses the activation of transcription factor IRF3 induced by TLR3 or TLR4 agonists. Inhibition of IkappaB kinase activity by acetyl-boswellic acids promotes apoptosis in androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells. B. Cheon J. H., Kim J. S., Kim J. M., Kim N., Jung H. C., Song I. S. (2006). 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