Bonis Park is an essential green space of the city. According to Greek Mythology, Argos was founded by Argos, the son of the god Zeus. Later it came under Roman rule. The Greek Dark Ages (c.1100 c.800BC) refers to the period of Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century BC to the rise of the first Greek city-states in the 9th century BC and the epics of Homer and earliest writings in the Greek alphabet in the 8th century BC. Athens, Pylos, Thebes, and Tiryns also have important Mycenaean sites. The first phase of the civil war occurred in 19431944. Hellenistic period, 323-146 BC Roman Greece, covering the period of the Roman conquest of Greece from 146 BC - 324 AD Byzantine Greece covers the period of Greece under the Byzantine Empire, lasting from the establishment of Constantinople as the capital city of Byzantium in 324 AD until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. They also have a very good archaeological museum since the area is full of ancient sites though it has been temporarily closed for 3 years. But in Greek society, the deep divide between the leftist and rightist sections continued. Heres more information aboutthis city-state: Argos was located on the Peloponnese, a peninsula in Ancient Greece in a region referred to as the Argolis. [65], In March 2020, Greece's parliament elected a non-partisan candidate, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, as the first female President of Greece.[66]. Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. During theTurkish occupation, they served as a market and a post office. That peace was stipulated to last thirty years: instead, it held only until 431BC, with the onset of the Peloponnesian War. Mesolithic sites in Greece were limited, and the majority are located near the coast. The Crusaders established a Latin bishopric. The new town is literally built on the old, so it is advisable to have a map, if you want to move more easily. Built by architect Labros Zavos in 1830, as part of, The old Town Hall, built during the time of Kapodistrias in 1830, which originally served as a venue for a. The junta government's accession to power lead to an isolation to Greece from European affairs and froze Greece's entry to the European Union. Greeks who converted to Islam and were not crypto-Christians were deemed "Turks" in the eyes of Orthodox Greeks even if they did not adopt the Turkish language, evidence of the ethnic and religious tensions in Greece under Ottoman rule. While prosperous during the early principate, Argos along with much of Greece and the Balkans experienced disasters during the Crisis of the 3rd Century when external threats and internal revolts left the Empire in turmoil. [28] The Venetians repopulated the town and region with Albanian settlers,[28] granting them long-term agrarian tax exemptions. 'Orestean Argos', before 1926: - Chroupista; [2] Aromanian: Hrupishte) is a town and a former municipality in the Kastoria regional unit, Greece. [32], The mythological kings of Argos are (in order): Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis, Argus, Criasus, (Phorbas, Triopas is sometimes between Criasus and Iasus in some sources), Iasus, Agenor,( Crotopus and Sthenelus was between Agenor and Gelanor in some sources), Gelanor AKA Pelasgus, Danaus, Lynceus, Abas, Proetus, Acrisius, Perseus, Megapenthes, (Argeus and Anaxagoras comes after in some sources). Between 1914 and 1923, an estimated 750,000[36] to 900,000[37] Greeks died at the hands of the Ottoman Turks, in what many scholars have termed a genocide.[38][39][40][41]. The agora in Athens continued to be the center of civic and political life. [10], The Mesolithic in Greece occurred between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic. 'Argos' describes Argos, located a few kilometres to the south of Mycenae. After a second coup that year, Colonel Ioannides was appointed as the new head-of-state. During the Axis occupation of Greece, thousands of Greeks died in direct combat, in concentration camps, or of starvation. In the end, the proposition of the Greek capital being moved to Argos was rejected by the father of king Otto, Ludwig, who insisted in making Athens the capital, something which eventually happened in 1834. as the leader of a large group of fugitives. From the 10th to the 12th century, Byzantium was the main source of artistic inspiration for the West. [16] Democracy was first established after a disastrous defeat by the Spartans at the Battle of Sepeia in 494. Legend has it that after the murder of Medusa, Perseus went to Ethiopia, where he killed the monster Ketos. Philosophy & Religion Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Greece", "Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin", "The Axis Occupation and Civil War: Changing Trends in Greek Historiography, 19412002", "Maritime Route of Colonization of Europe", "Problems in the General Correlation of Archaeological and Linguistic Strata in Prehistoric Greece: The Model of Autochthonous Origin", "An Essay on the 'Emergence of Civilization' in the Aegean World", "Between Troy and Homer. Around 11001050BC, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed. As French explorer Pouqueville noted, "its houses are not aligned, without order, scattered all over the place, divided by home gardens and uncultivated areas". Melampus was succeeded by his son Mantius, then Oicles, and Amphiaraus, and his house of Melampus lasted down to the brothers Alcmaeon and Amphilochus. During Gallienus' reign, marauding bands of Goths and Heruli sailed down from the Black Sea in 267 A.D. and devastated the Greek coastline and interior. Argos escaped occupation by Macedon during the reigns of Philip II[18] and Alexander the Great and remained unscathed during the Wars of the Diadochi, however in 272 it was attacked by Pyrrhus of Epirus at the Battle of Argos, in which Pyrrhus was killed. Philip's allies in Greece deserted him, and in 197BC he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus Quinctius Flaminius. The oligarchy in Athens collapsed and Alcibiades reconquered what had been lost for Athens. It also benefitted from its proximity to lake Lerna, which, at the time, was at a distance of one kilometre from the south end of Argos. [15] A sanctuary dedicated to Hera was also found at the same spot where the monastery of Panagia Katekrymeni is located today. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Furthermore, the airfield was used by the Germans for the release of their aerial troops during the Battle of Crete. With the exception of a period of Venetian domination in 16871715, Argos remained in Ottoman hands until the beginning of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, when wealthy Ottoman families moved to nearby Nafplio due to its stronger walling. The city also has a railway station which, at the moment, remains closed due to an indefinite halt to all railway services in the Peloponnese area by the Hellenic Railways Organisation. [citation needed]. The cause is still somewhat mysterious, but has often been attributed to the invasion of hypothesized Sea Peoples wielding iron weapons. The Sanctuary of Hera (also known as the Heraion Argive) was part of the new generation of cult sanctuaries that were founded in the end of the 9th century BC. Today, in the modern city center, if you find yourself on a Wednesday or Saturday, it is worth doing your morning stroll on thetraditional Greek folk open air market, that is taking place there. Scores of non-Greeks philhellenes volunteered to fight for the cause, including Lord Byron. Tip }); However, all quarters shared the same type of streets; firstly, they all had main streets which were wide, busy and public roads meant to allow for communication between neighbourhoods (typical examples are, to a great extent, modern-day Korinthou, Nafpliou and Tripoleos streets). World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. 1400 BCE - 1300 BCE. After some inconclusive fighting, the two sides signed a peace treaty in 447BC. [63] However, he was defeated in the July 2019 general election by Kyriakos Mitsotakis who leads New Democracy. When the Ottomans arrived, two Greek migrations occurred. The Spartan general Lysander, having fortified his city's naval power, began winning victory after victory. Axis units from Germany, Bulgaria, and Italy successfully invaded Greece, through Yugoslavia, forcing out the Greek defenders. Argos wasone of the oldest city-states in Ancient Greece, and it has a long history. Athens and Corinth were both sacked. The attacks of the Slavs became less frequent as the Balkan Slavic migration ended and permanent Slavic settlements and states began to form. Macedon quickly unified the Greek city-states under Macedonian hegemony into the League of Corinth in 338337BC. Adjacent to the Ancient Theater, it was developed in the 6th century B.C. All this suggests that there was an increased demand for art, with more people having access to the necessary wealth to commission and pay for such work. And while the name Argos is generally accepted to have a Hellenic Indo-European etymology, Larissa is generally held to derive from a Pre-Greek substrate. Once when Zeus was consorting with the Argive Nymphe Io, his jealous wife Hera appeared on the scene. Just 12 kilometers of a pleasant, ten minutes'journey and you arrived in the city that perhaps is the most ancient of Greece. After the Byzantine Empire was rescued from a period of crisis through the resolute leadership of the three Komnenoi emperors Alexios, John, and Manuel in the 12th century, Greece prospered. After destroying the city of Eretria, the fleet landed and faced the Athenian army at Marathon, which ended in a decisive Athenian victory. It is located onthe highest spot of the city (289 m.), on the Larissa Hill. football club, founded in 1926 and AC Diomidis Argous handball club founded in 1976. $('.chk_timeline_types').change(function() { The navy recalled Alcibiades, who had been forced to abandon the Spartan cause after reputedly seducing the wife of Agis II, a Spartan king, and made him its head. Traditionally, the Ancient Greek period was taken to begin with the date of the first Olympic Games in 776BC, but most historians now extend the term back to about 1000BC, toward the beginning of the Greek Dark Ages. The cities were defeated and Athens lost her independence and democratic institutions. Spartan dominance is thought to have been interrupted following the Battle of Hyssiae in 669668 BC, in which Argive troops defeated the Spartans in a hoplite battle. Athens surrendered one year later, ending the Peloponnesian War and beginning a brief of period of Spartan hegemony in Greece. The city of Argos was believed to be the birthplace of the mythological character Perseus, the son of the god Zeus and Dana, who was the daughter of the king of Argos, Acrisius. Others include Delos, Delphi and the Athenian Acropolis. Argos most often refers to: Argos, Peloponnese, a city in Argolis, Greece Argus (Greek myth), several characters in Greek mythology Argos (retailer), a catalogue retailer in the United Kingdom and Ireland Argos or ARGOS may also refer to: Businesses [ edit] A hypothesized Dorian invasion may have also contributed, as asserted by ancient Greek legend but unsubstantiated by the archaeological record. The company trades both through physical shops and online, with 29 million yearly shop customers, and nearly a billion online visitors per annum. By the time the classical era of Greece came about, there were around one thousand city states that could be found all over Ancient Greece. This house lasted longer than those of Anaxagoras and Melampus, and eventually the kingdom was reunited under its last member, Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, soon after the exile of Diomedes.[36]. The kouroi of Argos, thought to represent Cleobis & Biton . The growth of the towns attracted trade with the Venetian Republic in nearby Italy, and this interest in trade appears to have further increased economic prosperity in Greece. [citation needed]. A mosque would have existed there, too, according to the city planning most Ottoman cities followed. However, by the early 2010s, PASOK were also attracting blame for their handling of the crisis, and the radical party SYRIZA became the largest party on the left. However, in mainland Greece and the Greek islands, various Latin and Venetian possessions continued to exist. The first was the Persian Wars (499449BC), recounted in the Greek historian Herodotus's Histories. It has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The heavy losses of German paratroopers led the Germans to launch no further large-scale air-invasions. The basic unit of politics in Ancient Greece was the polis (Greek: ), sometimes translated as "city-state". [54][55] This crisis of confidence was indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to other countries, most importantly Germany. The French and British seized its major port and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Mycenaean Greece is the Late Helladic Bronze Age civilization of Ancient Greece, and it formed the historical setting of the epics of Homer and most of Greek mythology and religion. The temple of Agios Konstadinos, one of the very few remaining buildings in Argos dating from the, This page was last edited on 2 June 2023, at 04:59. Kelly, Thomas. Just 12 kilometers of a pleasant, ten minutes' journey and you arrived in the city that perhaps is the most ancient of Greece. How to go The main sources concerning the Peloponnesian war (431404BC) are Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War and Xenophon's Hellenica. With the coming of governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, the city underwent efforts of modernisation. The predominance of small free farmers, the expansion of military estates, and the development of the system of themes brought to completion the developments started by early Byzantine Emperors. In 1397, the Ottomans plundered Argos, carrying off much of the population,[27] to sell as slaves. [19], Minoan civilization was affected by a number of natural cataclysms, such as the volcanic eruption at Thera (c.1628-1627 BC) and earthquakes (c.1600 BC). One of the notable events in the history of the Argos city-state is when Pheidon rose to power. The god quickly transformed her into a white heifer but the goddess was not deceived and demanded the animal as a gift. The year 1204 marks the beginning of the Late Byzantine period, when Constantinople and a number of Byzantine territories were conquered by the Latins during the Fourth Crusade. By car While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Backed by the Achaemenid Persian Empire, Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos significantly weakened Spartan military power, though unsuccessful in ending Spartan dominance. [59] The following morning, Tsipras reached an agreement with Independent Greeks party to form a coalition, and he was sworn in as Prime Minister of Greece. Under 'Frankish' Crusader rule, Argos became a Latin Church bishopric in 1212, which lasted as a residential see until Argos was taken by the Ottoman Empire in 1463 [38] but would be revived under the second Venetian rule in 1686. In March 2022 the construction of the fountain in St. Peter's square was completed. The Achaean League, while nominally subject to the Ptolemies, was in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. ", This page was last edited on 26 May 2023, at 10:33. This alliance was somewhat dysfunctional, however, and the Argives are only thought to have provided marginal contributions to the alliance at the Battle of Oenoe and Tanagra. Corinth, an ally of Sparta in the Peloponnesian League, intervened on the Epidamnian side. There is also important local production of dairy products, factories for fruits processing. During the Hellenistic period, the importance of "Greece proper" (that is, the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The war, which lasted from 1946 to 1949, was characterised by guerilla warfare between the KKE forces and Greek governmental forces mainly in the mountain ranges of northern Greece. Greek culture was a powerful influence in the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe. Initially hostile to Constantinople until their Christianization, the Byzantines referred to these tribes and states as Sclavinias. 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