Check with your doctor right away if you think you are getting an infection, or if you have a fever or chills, cough or hoarseness, lower back or side pain, or painful or . To enter the trial, patients must have met 1 of the following criteria: Dosing regimens for each treatment group were determined by individual investigators and were individualized by patient. [see Warnings and Precautions 5.1, 5.12, 5.14]. Patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who are started on Clozapine should be monitored regularly for worsening of glucose control. Two separate management algorithms are provided below, the first for patients in the general population, and the second for patients identified to have baseline neutropenia. In a pooled data analysis of 2 studies in adult subjects with schizophrenia, Clozapine treatment was associated with increases in fasting serum triglyceride. Consider the possibility of myocarditis or cardiomyopathy if chest pain, tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, fever, flu-like symptoms, hypotension, or ECG changes occur, Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Consider increasing the Clozapine tablets dose if necessary. Clozapine is a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. Clozapine had no effect on any parameters of fertility, pregnancy, fetal weight or postnatal development when administered orally to male rats 70 days before mating and to female rats for 14 days before mating at doses up to 0.4 times the MRHD of 900 mg/day on a mg/m2 body surface area basis. Clozapine may cause somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other injuries. Do not rechallenge unless prescriber determines benefits outweigh risks, Daily until ANC 500/L, then Explain the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients receiving therapy with clozapine. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Clozapine. Every 2 weeks from 6 to 12 months Overbagged with 10 tablets per bag, NDC 55154-3568-0. Atypical antipsychotic drugs, including Clozapine have been associated with metabolic changes that can increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Neutrophil count below which clozapine is contraindicated? Patients must have had a Clinical Global ImpressionsSeverity Scale score of at least 4 (moderately ill). When prescribing Clozapine, consider the presence of additional risk factors for QT prolongation and serious cardiovascular reactions. The syndrome is consistent with neurally mediated reflex bradycardia (NMRB). The baseline ANC must be at least 1500/L for the general population, and at least 1000/L for patients with documented Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN). Inactive Ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone, and talc. In some cases, hyperglycemia has resolved when the atypical antipsychotic was discontinued; however, some patients required continuation of antidiabetic treatment despite discontinuation of the suspect drug. Perform serum tests for liver injury and consider permanently discontinuing treatment if hepatitis or transaminase elevations combined with other systemic symptoms are due to Clozapine. Clozapine is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. - Inform patients and caregivers Clozapine is available only through a restricted program called the Clozapine REMS Program designed to ensure the required blood monitoring, in order to reduce the risk of developing severe neutropenia. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Clinical monitoring, including baseline and periodic follow-up lipid evaluations in patients using Clozapine, is recommended. Carcinogenesis However, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy can occur at any period during treatment with Clozapine. In a pooled data analysis of 10 studies in adult subjects with schizophrenia, Clozapine treatment was associated with increases in serum total cholesterol. Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. However, at steady state, approximately dose-proportional changes with respect to AUC (area under the curve), peak, and minimum Clozapine plasma concentrations were observed after administration of 37.5, 75, and 150 mg twice daily. Clozapine tablets are indicated for the treatment of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who fail to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment. Consider early screening for gestational diabetes for patients treated with antipsychotic medications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]. ANC equals the Total WBC count multiplied by the total percentage of neutrophils obtained from the differential (neutrophil segs plus neutrophil bands). Use Clozapine cautiously in patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or conditions predisposing to hypotension (e.g., dehydration, use of antihypertensive medications) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.5), Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. If patient rechallenged, resume treatment as a new patient under Normal Range monitoring once ANC 1500/L, Clozapine Treatment and Monitoring in Patients with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (see Table 3). The rates are not adjusted for duration of exposure. Benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) is a condition observed in certain ethnic groups whose average ANC values are lower than standard laboratory ranges for neutrophils. These cases reported either mild or moderate mitral regurgitation on two-dimensional echocardiography. Three times weekly until ANC 1500/L However, if the benefit of Clozapine treatment is judged to outweigh the potential risks of recurrent myocarditis or cardiomyopathy, the clinician may consider rechallenge with Clozapine in consultation with a cardiologist, after a complete cardiac evaluation, and under close monitoring. At baseline, the mean BPRS score was 61. Use Clozapine cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease (history of myocardial infarction or ischemia, heart failure, or conduction abnormalities), cerebrovascular disease, and conditions which would predispose patients to hypotension (e.g., concomitant use of antihypertensives, dehydration and hypovolemia). The difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 30 people who take Clozapine and Viagra from the FDA, and is updated regularly. Monitor patients closely when Clozapine is coadministered with these inhibitors. Subsequently, the dose can be increased weekly or twice weekly, in increments of up to 100 mg. For hospice patients (i.e., terminally ill patients with an estimated life expectancy of six months or less), the prescriber may reduce the ANC monitoring frequency to once every 6 months, after a discussion with the patient and his/her caregiver. 23 Clozapine displays affinity to various neuroreceptors with a particularly low affinity to the dopamine receptors, thus breaking the mold of first-generation antipsychotics and deeming it "atypical". A hematology consultation may be useful in deciding to rechallenge a patient. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Animal Data Use the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms. To improve and standardize understanding, severe neutropenia replaces the previous terms severe leukopenia, severe granulocytopenia, or agranulocytosis. If the ANC remains equal to or greater than 1500/L for the second 6 months of continuous therapy, ANC monitoring frequency may be reduced to once every 4 weeks thereafter. Correct electrolyte abnormalities before initiating treatment with Clozapine. In controlled trials, elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with some atypical antipsychotics had an increased risk (compared to placebo) of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack), including fatalities. Rate based on population of approximately 1700 exposed during premarket clinical evaluation of Clozapine. Notable requirements of the Clozapine REMS Program include: Further information is available at www.Clozapinerems.com or 1-844-267-8678. The mean increase in total cholesterol was 13 mg/dL in the Clozapine group and 15 mg/dL in the chlorpromazine group. Tell your doctor right away if you are not having bowel movements at least 3 times per week. An increased risk cannot be excluded for Clozapine or other antipsychotics or other patient populations. NMS can recur. Category Change (at least once) from baseline, TM Study (10% in the Clozapine or olanzapine group), Orthostatic Hypotension, Bradycardia, and Syncope. This was an adequate and well-controlled, two-year study evaluating the efficacy of Clozapine relative to olanzapine in reducing the risk of suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Consider reducing the dose if they occur. Consider prophylactic laxatives in high risk patients. If a patients ANC remains equal to or greater than 1500/L for the first 6 months of treatment, monitoring frequency may be reduced to every 2 weeks for the next 6 months. Consider obtaining a baseline ECG and serum chemistry panel. The total daily dose can be increased in increments of 25 mg to 50 mg per day, if well-tolerated, to a target dose of 300 mg to 450 mg per day (administered in divided doses) by the end of 2 weeks. Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, syncope, and cardiac arrest have occurred with Clozapine treatment. The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Patients with an inadequate response to haloperidol (n=268) were randomized to double-blind treatment with Clozapine (N=126) or chlorpromazine (N=142). The maximum dose is 900 mg per day. Clozapine should be used with caution in patients with risk factors for cerebrovascular adverse reactions. Moderate or weak CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 Inducers. Use caution when administering concomitant medications that prolong the QT interval or inhibit the metabolism of Clozapine. However, it has been proposed that the therapeutic efficacy of Clozapine in schizophrenia is mediated through antagonism of the dopamine type 2 (D2) and the serotonin type 2A (5-HT2A) receptors. Clozapine is present in human milk. Antipsychotic treatment, itself, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms, and it has the potential to mask the underlying process. Increased frequency of constipation and delayed diagnosis and treatment increased the risk of severe complications of gastrointestinal hypomotility, resulting in intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction, megacolon and intestinal ischemia or infarction [see Adverse Reaction (6.2)]. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. 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